Franz writes: "The joy of the international community and the mainstream press was overwhelming when, on August 24, after fifty-one years (or seventy, depending on the definition) of armed conflict, the Colombian government and the Revolutionary Armed Forces of Colombia (FARC) announced a final peace agreement."
A mural in Medellín, Colombia. (photo: Deúniti/colectivo creativo/Flickr)
The Ends of Peace in Colombia
By Tobias Franz, Jacobin
27 September 16
Colombia’s peace deal is backed by elite interests — but it will also open up political space for the Left.
he joy of the international community and the mainstream press was overwhelming when, on August 24, after fifty-one years (or seventy, depending on the definition) of armed conflict, the Colombian government and the Revolutionary Armed Forces of Colombia (FARC) announced a final peace agreement.
After four years of negotiation and far-reaching deals on rural land reform, political representation for demobilized FARC members, alternative solutions to the production of illicit crops, and recognition and reparation for victims, the Colombian public is asked to vote for or against the deal.
While a “sí” vote will be the likely outcome of the referendum on October 2, implementation and enforcement of the agreements will be largely contested. As Colombia’s pro-landlord brand of neoliberal development has not been an issue of debate at the negotiation table in Havana, a negotiated peace deal will not bring inclusive growth for the country’s rural poor.
Both the contestation of the peace agreement and the lack of serious debate over the character of Colombia’s economic growth model stem from the balance of power in Colombian society. While competing factions of the Colombian ruling class had achieved a bargain over political power for much of the 1990s and early 2000s, this changed with President Juan Manuel Santos’s decision to embark on peace negotiations with the FARC.
Driven by transnational class interests, Santos’s policy agenda is a complete shift away from ex-president Álvaro Uribe’s paramilitarized pacification tactics. Uribe and the rest of the narco-capitalists of large landowners and cattle ranchers are dependent on the state of war — and they will oppose the peace deal with everything they’ve got.
Elites, Power, and Development
Historically, the landed and industrial elite factions of Colombia’s ruling class have dominated the country politically. Populist contestation and mobilization against this hierarchic form of class rule was met either with violent repression or with institutionalized autocratic rule during the Frente Nacional years of 1958 to 1974, the time of a coalition between wealthy Colombian liberals and conservatives.
The traditionally larger weight of Colombia’s landed oligarchy in relation to the industrial elite faction within the ruling coalition, and the abandonment of state-led advanced industrialization policies, resulted in Colombia’s industrial decline and an ever-increasing expropriation of rural land by elites.
As the political exclusion and economic marginalization of most Colombians increased (most notably the grand-scale dispossession of peasants through the legalized land appropriation of the Chicoral Pact of 1972), leftist organizations, and especially the FARC, became the leading force in contesting the traditionally dominant elite bargain in Colombia. Impoverished peasants who had been forcibly displaced from their land sought protection and found representation in the FARC, fueling a massive expansion of the guerrilla group in the 1980s.
At the same time, several economic and financial crises in Colombia lead to widespread rural poverty. Many peasants were forced to harvest illicit crops in order to keep their land and survive. Especially following the reduction of funding streams from the Soviet Union and Cuba, the FARC started to play a key role in the illicit economy.
However, the peasants harvesting the crops and producing the raw material for the drug economy remained at the lower end of this illicit value chain. The main beneficiaries were cattle ranchers, some large landowners, and the drug traffickers controlling the majority of the production, processing, and distribution chains.
This “emerging bourgeois class” of narco-capitalists rapidly increased their wealth and power in the 1980s and 1990s, heavily contesting Colombia’s traditional pact between landed oligarchs and urban industrialists. Álvaro Uribe, the son of a large landowner who had been kidnapped and killed by the FARC, led this emerging class in their fight not just against the traditional elites but also against the FARC.
With increasing violence in Colombia — often playing out in rural areas where FARC commandos challenged the power of emerging narco elites — the different Colombian elite factions combined forces to violently oppose any FARC maneuvers (insurgent or other). The US Foreign Office and the Department of Justice played a crucial role in forming the alliance of landed, industrial, and narco-capitalists, providing finance and intelligence for the Colombian state and military and paramilitary organizations.
Using paramilitary groups to violently protect landed wealth and the cocaine industry, the US-supported Colombian ruling class intensified the war against the FARC, which left approximately two hundred thousand dead and around six million people displaced. The objective of US involvement was not primarily to combat leaders of Colombian drug cartels (as portrayed in Netflix’s recent hit series Narcos), but rather to destroy one of Latin America’s last-standing resistance movements and to advance Washington Consensus–style policy prescriptions. The resulting violent paramilitarization of control over large parts of Colombia and the neoliberalization of the economy only intensified forced displacement and rural poverty.
A Paradise for Narco-Capitalists
Colombia’s radical shift to neoliberalism in the late 1980s did little to incentivize the stagnating economy. Narco dollars, laundered through land deals in Colombia’s cattle-ranching hinterlands and through real estate and construction in the country’s urban areas were the primary drivers of economic growth. Narco-capital and the interest of integrating Colombia into global capitalism became the institutionalized bridges between the industrial, landed, and extractive capital on one side, and the finance, real estate, and service-based economy on the other.
The dominance of these class interests, achieved by gathering different elite factions around the axis of narco-capitalism and transnational accumulation patterns, temporarily stabilized the Colombian polity and economy. While economically the FARC participated in and benefited from Colombia’s narco-capitalism, for the most part they remained political outsiders to the ruling coalition.
The formation of the Patriotic Union — a left-wing political party that emerged in the 1980s as a result of the peace talks between the Betancur government and the FARC — did little to increase the guerrillas’ political representation. Factions of the ruling elite that opposed any form of political influence of the FARC reacted with increased paramilitary repression: between 1985 and 1997 more than four thousand party members, including elected councilors, congressmen, and senators were assassinated or disappeared.
Meanwhile, the United States further supported the Colombian ruling coalition between narco elites and transnational capitalists through the $7 billion military aid package Plan Colombia. The resulting militarization of the Colombian state and the fumigation of illicit crops in the agrarian frontier zones not only intensified forced displacement, but marked the full integration of Colombia into the US “war on drugs.”
Uribe’s election as president in 2002 was the pinnacle of the power of the narco-capitalists and their neoliberalized economic model underwritten by cocaine capital. Any opposition to this development model was violently repressed by paramilitary violence and systematic human rights abuses through extrajudicial executions.
Political Shifts, Prospects for Peace
The election of Juan Manuel Santos as president in 2010 marked a major shift in Colombia’s polity and the country’s approach to achieving peace. Unlike his predecessor, Santos is a descendent of a traditional oligarchic family and now unites the growing transnational capitalist elite — self-conceived “modernizers” of Colombia — behind him.
But Santos’s decision to start negotiations with the FARC did not come exclusively from an interest in further opening the Colombian economy to global capitalism and attracting FDI into extractive sectors, low-wage services, and labor-intensive industries. It also reflects changing dynamics of power and a break in the elite bargain between the traditional, now-transnational elites and the narco-capitalists.
With Uribe and colleagues contesting the current power constellation after being excluded from the ruling coalition, and the FARC increasingly fragmented and at its politically and militarily weakest point in recent history, what are the prospects for sustainable and inclusive peace and development?
One important consideration is agrarian reform. This started the Colombian conflict and is vital in a lasting solution to it. But as large landowners have acquired new haciendas in areas where violence and conflict were drivers of falling land prices, the distribution of land is now more unequal than ever.
Neo-paramilitary structures that remain in place for protection of landed class interests and a structural lack of investments in smallholding agribusinesses will deter displaced peasants from returning. However, the agrarian question is no longer solely placed along the lines of land redistribution and capitalist transformation. Today, Colombia has been fully integrated in global production and supply chains of agricultural commodities and their derivatives, such as rice and palm oil.
The second vital issue for lasting peace is political representation and disarmament of the FARC. The FARC have every reason to be suspicious of promises by the Colombian state of protected demobilization and political representation.
While the fears of more extrajudicial killings were addressed by creating so-called “transitory rural normalization zones” to allow reincorporation of guerrillas into civil society, the actual implementation of these zones will be contested. Paramilitary organizations, far-right politicians, and factions of the armed forces supporting paramilitary structures will do their best to undermine a peaceful demobilization and disarmament process.
The peace process has already opened political space for new social organizations for popular mobilizations under somewhat improved democratic conditions. But 112 members of the Patriotic March have been assassinated since its foundation in 2012. Another seven thousand have been detained, and paramilitary groups have killed over three hundred peasant leaders in 2015 alone.
A complete demobilization of FARC members is doubtful, as many combatants opposing the peace deal will remain in the jungle and/or join other guerrilla movements that have been excluded from the negotiations, such as the National Liberation Army (ELN). The involvement of many FARC members in lucrative drug production, trafficking, and distribution activities also complicates a full demobilization.
The ambitious plans of dismantling and prosecuting drug trafficking organizations will thus be implemented with difficulties. Narco-capitalists as well as drug-trafficking factions of the FARC oppose the peace treaty; the anti-trafficking and production aspects of the deal undermines their raison d’être. Therefore, substantial changes to Colombia’s cocaine-induced accumulation processes are unlikely.
The agreed substitution of illicit crops for legal agricultural activities and immediate assistance plans, however, are a welcome change from the confrontational and militaristic eradication approaches. Additional commitment to medium- and long-term investments in in development in rural areas are needed for a more sustainable solution.
The bilateral ceasefire and reparations for victims are however welcomed and necessary steps for achieving peace and reconciliation in Colombia. Both sides of the conflict have been ignoring the voices of the victims for too long. Victims’ organizations found a voice in Havana, negotiating recognition and compensation agreements. These are substantial improvements, worthy of celebration.
While it is doubtful that the signing and (potential) ratification of the peace agreement will create sufficient conditions for Colombia to fully break the vicious cycle of rural violence, repression of the political left and peasant organizations, and economic marginalization, the peace deal has significant merit. A “sí” to the peace deal would further open up political space for movement-building. Popular mobilizations against Colombia’s neoliberal model have increased in recent years, giving the new social organizations hope that upcoming struggles will be fought on by political and civil society rather than through armed conflict.
Hope for a Colombia in peace rests on the ability of these movements to unite in the struggle for sustainable and inclusive developments for urban and rural Colombians.
FOCUS: Win, Lose, or Draw, US Special Operations Command Details Dismal US Military Record
Written by <a href="index.php?option=com_comprofiler&task=userProfile&user=7517"><span class="small">Nick Turse, TomDispatch</span></a>
Tuesday, 27 September 2016 11:36
Turse writes: "Winning: it's written into the DNA of the U.S.A. After all, what's more American than football legend Vince Lombardi's famous (if purloined) maxim: 'Winning isn't everything, it's the only thing.'"
Special Operations Command. (photo: Special Operations Command)
Win, Lose, or Draw, US Special Operations Command Details Dismal US Military Record
By Nick Turse, TomDispatch
27 September 16
It’s the timing that should amaze us (were anyone to think about it for 30 seconds). Let’s start with the conflict in Afghanistan, now regularly described as the longest war in American history. It began on October 7, 2001, and will soon reach its 15th “anniversary.” Think of it as the stepchild of America’s first Afghan War (against the Soviets), a largely CIA affair which lasted from 1979 to 1989. Considered a major victory, leading as it did to the implosion of the Soviet Union in 1991, it also devastated Afghanistan and created close to the full cast of characters for America’s second Afghan War. In reality, you could say that Washington has conducted a quarter-century-plus of warfare there (with a decade off). And in the Pentagon, they’re already talking about that war's possible extensionwell into the 2020s.
And then, of course, there’s Iraq. Where even to begin to count? You could start perhaps with the military aid and assistance that Washington gave Saddam Hussein in the eight-year war that followed his invasion of Iran in 1980, including crucial information that the Iraqis could use to target Iranian troops with their chemical weapons. Or you could start with that victory of all victories, the first Gulf War of 1991, in which the U.S. military crushed Saddam’s troops in Kuwait, showed off the snazzy techno-abilities of the mightiest force on the planet... and er, um... somehow didn’t unseat the Iraqi ruler, leading to years of no-fly-zone air war until that second, ultimate victory, the 2003 invasion of Iraq, which led to... er, um... a disastrous occupation, various insurgencies, and finally the withdrawal of American forces in 2011 before... er, um... the Islamic State emerged triumphantly to smash the American-trained Iraqi army, taking over major cities, and establishing its “caliphate.” That, of course, led to America’s third Iraq War (or is it the fourth?), still ongoing. In other words, at least a quarter-century of conflict and possibly more with no end in sight.
And don’t get me started on Somalia. Who, after all, doesn’t recall the 1993 Battle of Mogadishu (known here as the “Black Hawk down” incident)? Twenty-three years later, the U.S. is still bombing, missiling, and raiding that country which is, by now, a terror disaster zone. Or Yemen, where the U.S. began its drone strikes back in 2002 and has never stopped as that country went over a cliff into civil war followed by a disastrous Saudi-led invasion that the U.S. has backed in a major way, including supplying cluster bombs and white phosphorous to its forces. And Libya? From the moment in 1986 when the Reagan administration sent in the U.S. air power to take out “terrorist training” sites in Tripoli and Benghazi, as well as the residence of the country’s autocratic ruler, Muammar Gaddafi, on and off hostilities continued until the NATO/U.S. air intervention of 2011. That, in turn, brought on not just the end of Gaddafi’s rule, but a failed state filled with actual terrorists.
Syria is, of course, a Johnny-come-lately to American war, since Washington has been bombing there for a mere two years, and Special Forces operatives only entered the country relatively recently. And Pakistan barely counts: just 424 drone strikes over 12 years. A mere nothing when it comes to American warfare in this era. And as if to make the point about all this, just a few weekends ago, the U.S. launched bombing or missile strikes in six of those seven countries (skipping only Pakistan), all six now being either failed states or close to that. It’s quite a record of unending warfare, largely against -- with the exception of Saddam Hussein’s military -- lightly armed insurgents and terror groups of various sorts in countries that are generally now verging on collapse or nonexistent.
If you’ve ever wondered how those inside the planet’s self-proclaimed mightiest military force assess their handiwork over these last 15 (or for that matter 50) years, it’s fortunately no longer necessary to guess. Thanks to TomDispatch’sNick Turse, we now have a document from within that military which will answer your every question on war, American-style, even if those answers beg questions all their own.
-Tom Engelhardt, TomDispatch
Win, Lose, or Draw U.S. Special Operations Command Details Dismal U.S. Military Record
inning: it’s written into the DNA of the U.S.A. After all, what’s more American than football legend Vince Lombardi’s famous (if purloined) maxim: “Winning isn’t everything, it’s the only thing”?
Americans expect to be number one. First Lady Michelle Obama recently called the United States the “greatest country on Earth.” (Take that, world public opinion, and your choice of Germany!) Democratic presidential candidate Hillary Clinton went even further, touting America as “the greatest country that has ever been created.” Her rival, Donald Trump, who for political gain badmouths the country that made him rich and famous, does so in the hope of returning America to supposedly halcyon days of unparalleled greatness. He’s predicted that his presidency might lead to an actual winning overload. “We're going to win so much,” he told supporters. “You're going to get tired of winning. You’re going to say, ‘Please, Mr. President... don't win so much’… And I'm going to say, ‘No, we have to make America great again... We're gonna keep winning.’”
As Trump well knows, Americans take winning very seriously. Look no further than the U.S. gold medal count at the recent Rio Olympics: 46. The next highest total? Great Britain’s 27, almost 20 fewer than those of the country whose upstart rebels bested them in the eighteenth century, the nation’s ur-victory. The young United States then beat back the Brits in the early 1800s, and twice bailed them out in victorious world wars during the twentieth century.
In the intervening years, the U.S. built up a gaudy military record -- slaughtering native tribes, punishing Mexico, pummeling Spain -- but the bestwas yet to come. “Our troops are the finest fighting force in the history of the world,” boasted President Barack Obama in this year’s State of the Union address. In this he echoed his predecessor, George W. Bush, who, in May 2001, declared that “America today has the finest [military] the world has ever seen.”
In the years between those two moments of high-flown rhetoric, the United States military fought in nine conflicts, according to a 2015 briefing produced by U.S. Special Operations Command (SOCOM), the umbrella organization for America’s most elite forces including Navy SEALs and Army Green Berets. The record of the greatest fighting force in the history of the world, according to SOCOM: zero wins, two losses, and seven ties.
This dismal record is catalogued in a briefing slide produced by SOCOM’s Intelligence Directorate last September and obtained by TomDispatch via the Freedom of Information Act. “A Century of War and Gray Zone Challenges” -- a timeline of conflicts ranked as wins, losses, and ties -- examines the last 100 years of America’s wars and interventions.
“Gray zone” is an increasingly popular term of the trade for operations conducted somewhere on the continuum between war and peace. “Traditional war is the paradigm,” the briefing slide asserts. “Gray zone conflict is the norm.”
While he finds a great deal to fault in SOCOM’s analysis, retired Army colonel Andrew Bacevich, a professor of history and international relations at Boston University, believes its assessment of post-9/11 conflicts “is quite accurate.” Although American politicians like Hillary Clinton regularly insist that the U.S. possesses “the greatest military” on the planet, they avoid addressing the question of what the country’s armed interventions have actually accomplished when it comes to policy goals -- the true measure of success in war. “We have not shown an ability to achieve our stated political aims in a conclusive way at an acceptable cost,” Bacevich says. “That’s simply a fact.”
The Greatest Journeyman Military in History?
Twelve wins and nine losses. In baseball, it’s the annual record of a journeyman pitcher like Bill Caudill of the Seattle Mariners in 1982, Dave LaPoint of the Saint Louis Cardinals in 1983, or Norm Charlton of the Cincinnati Reds in 1990, to mention just three examples. It’s certainly not the record of an ace.
Likewise, 12 victories and nine losses is a far-from-dazzling stat when it comes to warfare, especially for a nation that prides itself on its martial prowess. But that was the SOCOM Intelligence Directorate’s assessment of the last century of American war: 12 and 9 with a mind-boggling 43 “ties.”
Among those 64 conflicts, the command counts just five full-fledged wars in which the U.S. has come up with three wins (World War I, World War II, and Desert Storm), one loss (Vietnam), and one tie (Korea). In the gray zone -- what SOCOM calls “the norm” when it comes to conflict -- the record is far bleaker, the barest of winning percentages at 9 victories, 8 losses, and 42 draws.
“If you accept the terms of analysis, that things can be reduced to win, loss, and tie, then this record is not very good,” Bacevich says. “While there aren’t many losses -- according to how they code -- there’s a hell of a lot of ties, which would beg the question of why, based on these criteria, U.S. policy has seemingly been so ineffective.”
The assessments of, and in some instances the very inclusion of, numerous operations, missions, and interventions by SOCOM are dubious. Bacevich, for example, questions its decision to include pre-World War II U.S. military missions in China (a draw according to the command). “I don’t know on what basis one would say ‘China, 1912 to 1941’ qualifies as a tie,” he adds, noting on the other hand that a good case could be made for classifying two of SOCOM’S gray zone “ties” -- in Haiti and Nicaragua -- during the same era as wins instead of draws based on the achievement of policy aims alone.
It’s even harder to imagine why, for example, limited assistance to Chad in its conflict with Libya and indigenous rebels in 1983 or military assistance in evacuating U.S. personnel from Albania in 1997 should make the list. Meanwhile, America’s so-called longest war, in Afghanistan, inexplicably ends in 2014 on SOCOM’S timeline. (That was, of course, the year that the Obama administration formally ended the “combat mission” in that country, but it would assuredly be news to the 8,400 troops, including special operators, still conducting missions there today.) Beyond that, for reasons unexplained, SOCOM doesn’t even classify Afghanistan as a “war.” Instead, it’s considered one of 59 gray-zone challenges, on a par with the 1948-1949 Berlin Airlift or small-scale deployments to the restive Congo in the 1960s. No less bizarre, the command categorizes America’s 2003-2011 occupation of Iraq in a similar fashion. “It deserves to be in the same category as Korea and Vietnam,” says Bacevich, the author of America's War for the Greater Middle East: A Military History.
Killing People and Breaking Things
Can the post-9/11 U.S. military simultaneously be the finest fighting force in history and unable to win wars or quasi-wars? It may depend on our understanding of what exactly the Department of Defense and its military services are meant to do.
While the 1789 act that established its precursor, the Department of War, is sparse on details about its raison d'être, the very name suggests its purpose -- presumably preparing for, fighting, and winning wars. The 1947 legislation creating its successor, the “National Military Establishment” was similarly light on specifics concerning the ultimate aims of the organization, as were the amendments of 1949 that recast it as the Department of Defense (DoD).
During a Republican primary debate earlier this year, former Arkansas Governor Mike Huckabee offered his own definition. He asserted that the “purpose of the military is to kill people and break things.” Some in the armed forces took umbrage at that, though the military has, in fact, done both to great effect in a great many places for a very long time. For its part, the DoD sees its purpose quite differently: “The mission of the Department of Defense is to provide the military forces needed to deter war and to protect the security of our country.”
If, in SOCOM’s accounting, the U.S. has engaged in relatively few actual wars, don’t credit “deterrence.” Instead, the command has done its best to simply redefine war out of existence, as in Iraq and Afghanistan, in favor of those “gray zone challenges.” If one accepts that quasi-wars are actually war, then the Defense Department has done little to deter conflict. The United States has, in fact, been involved in some kind of military action -- by SOCOM’s definition -- in every year since 1980.
Beyond its single sentence mission statement, a DoD directive delineating the “functions of the Department of Defense and its major components” provides slightly more details. The DoD, it states, “shall maintain and use armed forces to:
a. Support and defend the Constitution of the United States against all enemies, foreign and domestic.
b. Ensure, by timely and effective military action, the security of the United States, its possessions, and areas vital to its interest.
c. Uphold and advance the national policies and interests of the United States.”
Since the Department of Defense came into existence, the U.S. has -- as the SOCOM briefing slide notes -- carried out deployments, interventions, and other undertakings in Lebanon (1958), Congo (1964 and 1967), the Dominican Republic (1965), Cambodia (1975), Iran (1980), El Salvador (1980-1992), Grenada (1983), Chad (1983), Libya (1986), the Persian Gulf (1987-1988), Honduras (1988), Panama (1989), Somalia (1992-1995), Haiti (1994-1995), and Albania (1997), among other countries.
You may have no memory of some (perhaps many) of these interventions, no less a sense of why they occurred or their results -- and that might be the most salient take-away from SOCOM’s list. So many of these conflicts have, by now, disappeared into the gray zone of American memory.
Were these operations targeting enemies which actually posed a threat to the U.S. Constitution? Did ceaseless operations across the globe actually ensure the safety and security of the United States? Did they truly advance U.S. policy interests and if so, how?
From the above list, according to SOCOM, only El Salvador, Grenada, Libya, and Panama were “wins,” but what, exactly, did America win? Did any of these quasi-wars fully meet the Defense Department’s own criteria? What about the Korean War (tie), the Bay of Pigs (loss), the Vietnam War (loss), or the not-so-secret “secret war” in Laos (loss)? And have any of SOCOM’s eight losses or ties in the post-9/11 era accomplished the Defense Department’s stated mission?
“I have killed people and broken things in war, but, as a military officer, that was never the end. There was a purpose, a reason, a goal,” wrote Major Matt Cavanaugh, a U.S. Army strategist, in response to Huckabee’s comment. He then drew attention to the fact that “Joint Publication 1: Doctrine for the Armed Forces of the United States” asserts that “military power is integrated with other instruments of national power to advance and defend U.S. values, interests, and objectives.”
Did the wars in Vietnam or Laos defend those same values? What about the war waged in Iraq by the “finest fighting force” in world history?
In March 2003, Defense Secretary Donald Rumsfeld laid out U.S aims for that conflict. “Our goal is to defend the American people, and to eliminate Iraq's weapons of mass destruction, and to liberate the Iraqi people,” he said, before offering even more specific objectives, such as having U.S. troops “search for, capture, [and] drive out terrorists who have found safe harbor in Iraq.” Of course, the invasion and occupation of Iraq would turn that country into a terrorist magnet, leading to the ultimate safe harbor; a terror caliphate extending over swaths of that country and neighboring Syria. The elimination of Iraq's weapons of mass destruction would prove impossible for obvious reasons. The “liberation” of its people would lead to the deaths of hundreds of thousands; the forced displacement of millions; and a country divided along sectarian lines, where up to 50% of its 33 million inhabitants may suffer from the effects of trauma brought on by the last few decades of war. And what about the defense of the American people? They certainly don’t feel defended. According to recent polling, more Americans fear terrorism today than just after 9/11. And the particular threat Americans fear most? The terror groupborn and bred in America’s Iraqi prison camps: ISIS.
This record seems to matter little to the presidential candidate who, as a senator, voted for the invasion of Iraq. Regarding that war and other military missions, Hillary Clinton, as Bacevich notes, continues to avoid asking the most obvious question: “Is the use of the American military conclusively, and at reasonable costs, achieving our political objectives?”
Trump’s perspective seems to better fit SOCOM’s assessment when it comes to America’s warfighting prowess in these years. “We don't win. We can't beat ISIS. Can you imagine General Douglas MacArthur or General Patton? Can [you] imagine they are spinning in their grave right now when they see the way we fight,” he recently told FOX News’s Bill O’Reilly, invoking the names of those military luminaries who both served in a “draw” in Mexico in the 1910s and U.S. victories in World Wars I and II, and in the case of MacArthur a stalemate in Korea as well.
Neither the Clinton nor Trump campaigns responded to TomDispatch’s requests for comment. SOCOM similarly failed to respond before publication to questions about the conclusions to be drawn from its timeline, but its figures alone -- especially regarding post-9/11 conflicts -- speak volumes.
“In order to evaluate our recent military history and the gap between the rhetoric and the results,” says Andrew Bacevich, “the angle of analysis must be one that acknowledges our capacity to break things and kill people, indeed that acknowledges that U.S. forces have performed brilliantly at breaking things and killing people, whether it be breaking a building -- by putting a precision missile through the window -- or breaking countries by invading them and producing chaos as a consequence.”
SOCOM’s briefing slide seems to recognize this fact. The U.S. has carried out a century of conflict, killing people from Nicaragua and Haiti to Germany and Japan; battering countries from the Koreas and Vietnams to Iraq and Afghanistan; fighting on a constant basis since 1980. All that death and devastation, however, led to few victories. Worse yet for the armed forces, the win-loss record of this highly professionalized, technologically sophisticated, and exceptionally well-funded military has, since assuming the mantle of the finest fighting force in the history of the world, plummeted precipitously, as SOCOM’s Intelligence Directorate points out.
An American century of carnage and combat has yielded many lessons learned, but not, it seems, the most important one when it comes to military conflict. “We can kill people, we can break things,” Bacevich observes, “but we don’t accomplish our political goals.”
FOCUS: Trump Slunk Under the Lowest of Low Bars at the Debate
Written by <a href="index.php?option=com_comprofiler&task=userProfile&user=32445"><span class="small">Jeb Lund, Rolling Stone</span></a>
Tuesday, 27 September 2016 10:38
Lund writes: "If it had been anyone other than Donald Trump, it might have inspired something like pity. The first presidential debate of 2016 was nearly totally humiliating, even if it wasn't the humiliation that Hillary Clinton's supporters wished for."
Republican U.S. presidential nominee Donald Trump shakes hands with Democratic U.S. presidential nominee Hillary Clinton at Hofstra University in Hempstead, New York, Monday, September 26, 2016. (photo: TIME)
Trump Slunk Under the Lowest of Low Bars at the Debate
By Jeb Lund, Rolling Stone
27 September 16
Trump could not have conducted himself more poorly
f it had been anyone other than Donald Trump, it might have inspired something like pity.
The first presidential debate of 2016 was nearly totally humiliating, even if it wasn't the humiliation that Hillary Clinton's supporters wished for. Their candidate missed opportunities to deliver a killing blow, instead frequently remaining silent and letting Trump do all the work. No, what was humiliating was watching a candidate, after only a little provocation, completely disassemble his own campaign legend.
Going into last night, the 24-hour news media was determined to set the stakes high for Clinton, low for Trump, remonstrate with themselves for establishing such unequal standards, then keep returning to them anyway.
Clinton had to be commanding without being shrill, empathetic without being a teary woman, knowledgable without being a know-it-all and combative without being defensive. Trump just had to make sure not to murder moderator Lester Holt or call him the n-word.
Instead, Trump slunk beneath the lowest expectations. The man dismissed as the most ignorant, uncivil and unprepared major-party candidate in history could not have conducted himself more poorly if his goal was to vindicate all the haters and losers who bedevil him.
Trump's debate conduct is destined to become a future candidate-training video of what not to do. He sniffed into the mic constantly and grunted again and again. He leaned forward and to the left of the podium, toward Clinton, glowering in between his almost constant interruptions — many of which topped out at repeating the word "wrong." Clearly someone in the Trump campaign must have pleaded with him to not interrupt and reject a woman candidate without evidence and thus reinforce charges of misogyny, and clearly whoever that person was wasted his or her day.
When Holt countered Trump's comments about stop-and-frisk by correctly noting that the practice had been deemed unconstitutional, Trump replied, "No, you're wrong," before elaborating with, "it went before a judge who was a very against-police judge." When presented with his previous comments about Clinton not looking presidential, he tried to pivot to the last few months of conspiracies from the right-wing fever swamps that claim Clinton is afflicted with some wasting disease. (Best guess: chemtrail-induced morgellons.)
"She doesn't have the look. She don't have the stamina," Trump explained. "I said she doesn't have the stamina. And I don't believe she does have the stamina. To be president of this country, you need tremendous stamina." That pop you just heard in your head was a lightbulb going off at the idea of starting an ironic Trump-wigged Bon Jovi/Ratt/Survivor/Poison/Journey cover band named Stamina.
The most ironic part of the assertion is that, by this time, Trump's stamina had clearly flagged. But the humor of the assertion was dwarfed by his comments from a few minutes before. In order to distinguish himself from Clinton, Trump said, "I have a much better temperament." The audience responded with a sudden surge of laughter.
On actual issues, Trump was almost entirely a shambles. His answers on nuclear weapons never rose above the level of gibberish. He described America as a third-world country, an assertion rejected by almost any measure of prosperity you can cite. He again asserted that African-Americans and Hispanics are "living in hell," which – America's treatment of minorities notwithstanding – might be news to many of them.
More importantly, Trump appeared completely unprepared to handle the most obvious attacks that would be directed against him.
Trump had no satisfactory explanation for his years of enthusiastic birther conspiracy mongering, and his attempt to obfuscate the issue relied on the sorts of conspiracies familiar only to voters who spend a lot of time reading right-wing websites plastered with ads for dick medicine, gun hoarding and Atabrine tablets. If you already knew who Sidney Blumenthal is, you either already knew that the Hillary Clinton campaign didn't invent the Obama birther rumors, or you are someone who expects Clinton to have Sid rubbed out like Vince Foster and a bunch of Arkansas prostitutes.
Once more, Trump deemed his birther crusade a great success, citing Obama's release of his long-form birth certificate in 2011. Unfortunately, Holt pointed out that "you continued to tell the story and question the president's legitimacy in 2012, '13, '14, '15, as recently as January."
Holt continued, "I'm just going to follow up. I will let you respond because there is a lot there. We're talking about racial healing in the segment. What do you say to Americans—"
"I say nothing because I was able to get him to produce it," Trump said. "He should have produced a long time before. I say nothing, but let me just tell you."
He went on, but the damage was done. When the context of the conversation deals with African-Americans who have watched you malign the first African-American president as un-American, your first response cannot be that you have nothing to say to them.
Trump likewise had no explanation for his refusal to release his tax returns and disclose not only his real wealth but also his overseas interests that may conflict with the responsibility of steering American foreign policy. Instead, he returned to his claim that he was told not to release his returns until the conclusion of an IRS audit. When pressed on the fact that this is total BS, he again said that he would release his tax returns if Clinton released "all 30,000" of her State Department emails.
It's a nice gambit, but it overlooks the fact that releasing tax returns is just something that all major presidential candidates do and have done for decades. Tax returns are part of the job application process. They are not a tool for leveraging extra concessions out of your opponent. You release them or you don't. It's on you.
Even if Trump seemed determined to make the debate a total surrender, Clinton's game wasn't perfect.
Clinton enjoyed moments of real laughter and broke into an irrepressible grin during parts of the night. For supporters, it must have been fun. Clinton is not a natural retail politician, and part of what belies her forced laugh and smile on the stump is the fact that the genuine articles are both unmistakable and charming. That said, you could see the conservative critique forming as her smile lingered and before she burst into laughter and asked, "Why not, yeah why not? Just join the debate by saying more crazy things."
Clinton supporters will note the sexual double-standard: Men always tell women to smile, then get annoyed when they smile without invitation. But while Clinton has been victim to this kind of double-standard for nearly a quarter century, any male candidate would expect to take a few shots for indulging in prolonged self-satisfaction at an opponent's implosion.
It's not wrong that Clinton enjoyed Trump flailing around her; it's just that, by the joyless rules of modern politics, nobody is allowed to enjoy that sort of thing too much. This is more or less the same critique Obama backers leveled at the simperingly indulgent smirk Mitt Romney wore throughout the first 2012 debate, as if he were trying to channel a smile that said, Well, there you go again...
On more concrete issues, Clinton still lacks a convincing policy on trade, an issue that Trump owns this election. Trump effectively criticized her for her support for NAFTA and the TPP, which she only rejected after Bernie Sanders made it politically toxic. No one but Clinton die-hards really believes she plans to keep opposing the TPP, if for nothing more than the fact that Clinton and Obama spent 2008 carping about NAFTA before going on to do fuck-all about it.
Last but not least, Clinton missed a huge opportunity during the exchange about Trump's taxes. Clinton pointed out that Trump's financial statements "for a couple of years where he had to turn them over to state authorities when he was trying to get a casino license ... showed he did not pay any federal income tax."
Trump replied, "That makes me smart."
While America might be a nation of 300 million temporarily embarrassed millionaires who see no problem in principle with evading taxes because they will eventually be in Trump's position themselves, there's a lot to make of a statement like this.
Clinton was on a roll, clearly hoping to get through prepared material, and she let Trump off the hook with all the people who play by the rules. Are they stupid? Are people who obey the law morons? Is everyone who thinks they should pitch in for roads and schools a chump? And how ethical are Trump's smarts? Is he legally paying zero taxes, or is he putting himself on the same plane of financial genius as Al Capone?
In the end, Clinton's few missteps didn't matter, because there was one overwhelming conclusion to be drawn from the night: Trump looked incompetent because he's no longer only standing next to other Republicans.
Aside from the repugnant racism, xenophobia and misogyny, the Trump phenomenon remained amusing for months because it felt like it was engineered in some fouler deity's ironic punishment laboratory. Donald Trump flagrantly made shit up every moment he wasn't bullying everyone around him; it's just that his victims were a bunch of wealthy bullies who'd spent their careers haphazardly making shit up and sliming their way upward like a phalanx of slugs conquering a staircase.
Trump cut through over a dozen Republican candidates like an industrial saw shredding a box of Kleenex, and it couldn't have happened to a more dismal gallery of frauds. After years of complaining about deficits while promoting tax cuts that reduced government revenues by trillions, after years of promoting dominionist Christianity while claiming religious discrimination, after years of claiming to be victims while blaming everything wrong in America on homosexuals and college professors and minorities and Islam, after years of saying whatever the fuck they felt like and repeating it until it sounded true, each one of these blow-dried mediocrities got fired from The Apprentice: Republican Party by someone with even more sociopathic contempt for facts, logical consistency and other human beings than they had.
Hell, it wasn't even difficult. Just coming up with mean nicknames was enough on a stage teeming with their brand of puffed-up prevaricating nincompoopery. Donald Trump wasn't a legendary force, and he wasn't a ruthless killer. He was the only guy with a fork in a room full of inflatable clown punching bags – shoving them and waiting for them to rock back and forth, their fixed idiotic grins leaning into the fatal puncture.
Unfortunately, this debate and the rest of the campaign will be conducted in the closest approximation of the real world that American politics can provide. The record still sort of matters, and most of us can remember history as far back as goddamn yesterday. We remember that Donald Trump can't keep a story straight for 24 hours.
Many more of us can remember back a few decades and realize that even the most dishonest predators elected to our nation's highest office put in time and training to achieve a patina of "not overtly malicious" and the imperturbable expertise of the diligent halfwit.
And while we might not be great at arithmetic, most of us can remember enough of it to realize that ISIS is only a few years old, Hillary Clinton is 68, and when Donald Trump snarls, "No wonder you've been fighting ISIS your entire adult life," it sounds like the most dumbfuck failed political burn in a generation.
And if that's not enough, there's still the colossal mismatch of pitting the least knowledgable, least experienced and least disciplined candidate in history against a woman who is in almost every respect his polar opposite.
The only hope for Trump is that, between now and the next debate, he can develop the focus and dedication to learn the policy, talking points and composure needed to win it. All it will take is his suddenly adopting the seriousness and rigor that he's never displayed at any moment of his campaign or, really, any point in his public life.
Scoring the Debate: How Clinton Beat Trump Round-by-Round
Tuesday, 27 September 2016 08:44
Excerpt: "To help us through the first presidential debate, we enlisted the help of three of our political writers and columnists to act as judges. Each judge scored every round with a win, lose or draw and declared Hillary Clinton the winner."
Democratic presidential candidate Hillary Clinton shakes hands with moderator Lester Holt from NBC after the conclusion of the debate. (photo: Robert Deutsch/USA TODAY)
Scoring the Debate: How Clinton Beat Trump Round-by-Round
By Los Angeles Times
27 September 16
Hillary Clinton and Donald Trump went head-to-head for the first time. To help us through the first presidential debate, we enlisted the help of three of our political writers and columnists to act as judges. Each judge scored every round with a win, lose or draw and declared Hillary Clinton the winner.
Cathleen Decker: Clinton David Lauter: Clinton Doyle McManus: Clinton
What the judges thought:
Decker: From the outset, Clinton wanted to get under Trump’s skin, and she seemed to with her remark about his business success starting with $14 million from his father, more than he has acknowledged. Trump recaptured some ground later with a sustained criticism of Clinton on trade. Clinton is mixing up her approaches and Trump is relying on the remarks he uses daily at events.
Lauter: “You have no plan.” Clinton: “I do … I have written a book about it.” That pretty much sums it up. Clinton has a book. It’s not terribly exciting, but she knows her policy. Trump started yelling early. Hard to see how he changed any minds.
McManus: Both candidates went on the offensive early. Clinton needled Trump — successfully. Trump was shouting by 15 minutes in. Trump landed some punches that will cheer his base, revisiting his charge that China is stealing American jobs and Clinton is proposing a huge tax increase. But Clinton won the first round — on temperament as well as substance.
Round 2
Cathleen Decker: Clinton David Lauter: Clinton Doyle McManus: Clinton
What the judges thought:
Decker: This was a feistier segment. Trump hit hard on the Federal Reserve being political, which seemed off point. He later tried to turn a question about his refusal to release tax returns into an accusation about Clinton’s 33,000 destroyed emails. That might have won the round for him but for his basic admission that he paid no federal income tax (“That makes me smart,” he said, when Clinton raised that question). And later he said he had refused to pay a worker his contracted fee because he didn’t do a great job, in Trump’s estimation. (The man is in the audience.) As with the first segment, Lester Holt had to ask Trump repeatedly to answer the question.
Lauter: When the debate focuses on why you haven’t released your tax returns, that’s not a plus. And Trump’s response to Clinton’s charge that he hadn’t paid taxes — “That makes me smart” — probably will show up in a Democratic ad soon.
McManus: Clinton stayed on the offensive, needling Trump about his businesses and their bankruptcies. “I take advantage of the laws of the nation” was Trump’s weak response. His nonpayment of taxes, too: “That makes me smart,” he said — a line he’ll regret. But Trump lands some punches, too, when he remembers to stay on message. When Clinton talks about taxes, Trump’s response is crisp: “Typical politician. All talk, no action. Sounds good, not gonna work.” If he can keep that up, he’ll gain ground.
Round 3
Cathleen Decker: Clinton David Lauter: Clinton Doyle McManus: Clinton
What the judges thought:
Decker: So far most of the debate time has been spent on turf negative to Trump: his refusal to release tax returns, and in this segment his accusation that President Obama was foreign-born and past Justice Department actions accusing his firm of discrimination in housing. That has put Trump on the defensive, and it doesn’t help that he has not yet come up with a sellable rationale for why he pushed the birther argument for so long.
Lauter: Round two focused on Trump’s taxes. This one focused on his advocacy of so-called birther conspiracy theories, allowing Clinton to hit him repeatedly for “racist behavior.” Trump started strong, talking about “law and order,” but the segment ended with him weakly on the defensive.
McManus: On race, Clinton again stayed on offense — and Trump’s defenses were weak, at best. On the birther issue, Clinton said: “He has a long record of engaging in racist behavior.” Has any debate included a line that tough? Trump acknowledged that he knew President Obama was born in Hawaii when the birth certificate was produced in 2011, but said he continued pressing the issue because “no one was asking.”
Round 4
Cathleen Decker: Clinton David Lauter: Clinton Doyle McManus: Clinton
What the judges thought:
Decker: Trump did get off a line here, about how the U.S. wasn’t sure that Russia cyber-invaded the Democratic National Committee’s emails, and that it could have been someone sitting on their bed weighing 400 pounds. But the majority of the segment was filled with Trump trying to blame Clinton and President Obama for the formation of ISIS and claiming he did not support the Iraq war. Except he did, as Lester Holt pointed out repeatedly. Again, bad turf for Trump to play on.
Lauter: For two weeks, Democrats have tried to draw the debate moderators into fact-checking Trump. So what does Trump do? Gets into an argument with the moderator about whether he had supported the Iraq war. His extended appeal to Sean Hannity as a character witness must have puzzled millions of listeners. From Trump’s standpoint, this is not going well.
McManus: Trump doubles down on his claim that he opposed the war in Iraq before it started. (Alas for Trump, he still forgot to say it in public, so he can’t prove it.) “I also have a much better temperament than she has,” he says, heatedly. Not a good sign when a candidate has to assert his temperament is steady. Foreign policy was always going to be Clinton’s strong point in a debate, and it was tonight.
Round 5
Cathleen Decker: Clinton David Lauter: Clinton Doyle McManus: Clinton
What the judges thought:
Decker: The question sequencing in this debate has not served Trump well. This segment began with more discussion about Iran, but segued into Trump’s assertion that Clinton didn’t have a “presidential look” and his previous insults towards women. He tried to change the subject to stamina, but both moderator Lester Holt and Clinton reminded him of past quotes. Trump has not been helped by living among his fervent backers; his comments don’t play as well in a bigger world.
Lauter: Trump’s insistence on criticizing Clinton’s “stamina” is a good example of a campaign living too much inside its own bubble. That line works at a rally of partisans. It’s a loser in a debate. It gave Clinton a chance to remind supporters of her record as secretary of State and then some of Trump’s least-flattering comments about women. At the end, Trump was left complaining that Clinton’s advertisements were “not nice.”
McManus: For all the skepticism directed at NBC’s Lester Holt, he asked tough, straightforward questions — and Trump’s past statements made it easy for him. In this segment, it was Trump’s charge that Clinton doesn’t have a “presidential look.” Trump tried to turn that into a question about Clinton’s stamina, but Clinton didn’t let him off the hook. “He’s called women pigs, slobs and dogs,” she said, echoing both Megyn Kelly and Carly Fiorina. Trump struggled back to his core theme by the end: “Hillary has experience, but it’s bad experience. She has had so many bad deals.” But it was too late; the most memorable moments were those that put Trump on the defensive.
Final thoughts
Cathleen Decker: Clinton David Lauter: Clinton Doyle McManus: Clinton
What the judges thought:
Decker: At one point, Donald Trump gently mocked Hillary Clinton for staying home during the run-up to the debate. The results showed why she did. Trump, while his authentic self, didn’t expand his explanations beyond his short riffs on the campaign trail. Clinton, better prepared, sought to both explain what she would do as president — giving people a positive agenda to consider — and dinged Trump incessantly. Trump, had he been better able, could have turned the tables back on her at several points (he didn’t go at her trustworthiness apart from one email gibe). But instead he interrupted her with words that admitted her claims were true. Politics is harder than it seems, and Trump found that out tonight.
Lauter: Four years ago, President Obama did a terrible job in his first debate because he refused to prepare seriously — a trap other incumbents have fallen into. Trump did the same. He boasted that he didn’t really need to prepare, and, like Obama, he paid for it. But remember that Obama bounced back. Trump’s supporters will stick with him, and that gives him a chance to fight another day.
McManus: In the end there really is only one Donald Trump. He tried to be a little more even and statesmanlike than usual tonight, but only a little; Hillary Clinton was able to get under his skin and throw him off stride. And Trump committed unforced errors: The video clip of the night may have been Trump smirking at Clinton’s charge that he didn’t pay any federal taxes, and responding: “That makes me smart.” When he remembered to focus on his core theme — that he represents change, and Clinton represents the past — he was effective; but those moments were few and far between. Fact-checkers will have a field day with Trump’s versions of history, but that’s often less important than which candidate appeared more sure-footed and in charge. On that measure, Clinton won; it wasn’t even close. Clinton wasn’t always brilliant. She went on at length about her many proposals, but she was unflappable — and, in the end, for many voters, probably likable enough.
Maxwell writes: "Thousands of people from hundreds of tribes and First Nations have gathered in solidarity to stop construction of the Dakota Access pipeline. I am one of the organizers helping to leverage resources and coordinate the campaign, and every day I hear from allies across the continent asking how to support the movement."
Protesters demonstrate against the Energy Transfer Partners' Dakota Access oil pipeline near the Standing Rock Sioux reservation in Cannon Ball, North Dakota. (photo: Andrew Cullen/Reuters)
How You Can Support Standing Rock
By Thane Maxwell, YES! Magazine
27 September 16
This is your pipeline battle too. Whatever you have to offer, we need it. Wherever you are, take one step deeper. Find your voice. Find your own front lines.
am a settler on this land but have spent the past couple of years supporting indigenous battles against new oil pipelines. These are the front lines of the struggle to end the desecration of Mother Earth, the catastrophes of climate change, and the ongoing genocidal occupation of Indigenous lands that makes that all possible.
Across the continent, Big Oil is pushing a massive new network of oil and gas infrastructure, retooling in a desperate attempt to extract the dirtiest fuels on the planet and squeeze the last few drops of profit out of an era that clearly needs to end. Without exception, these projects threaten tribal lands, and without exception, they face bold Indigenous resistance.
A historic new chapter in this story is now unfolding on the Standing Rock Sioux Reservation. Thousands of people from hundreds of tribes and First Nations have gathered in solidarity to stop construction of the Dakota Access pipeline. I am one of the organizers helping to leverage resources and coordinate the campaign, and every day I hear from allies across the continent asking how to support the movement. Here is my advice:
Spread information to bring people in
Most people use social media simply to construct a public display of what they care about. Instead, use it strategically, as a tool for bringing more people into the movement and moving them one step deeper into it. Follow Sacred Stone Camp and Red Warrior Camp on Facebook for great content. Lift up front-line Indigenous voices. Learn about the epidemic of sexual violence in the Bakken oil fields, and the historical context of conflict between Sioux Nations and the U.S. government. And always bring up the issues in person too—a conversation can be worth 1,000 likes.
Express yourself to build political power
Nascent political power exists in every group of people, every medium of communication, and every financial transaction. By all means, sign the petitions, write letters to the editor, and contact your elected officials. Divest your money and explain why. But step outside the system too. We have forms of power that corporations and politicians don’t have. Pray. Dream. Create art.
Contribute material resources, especially your labor
Yes, we need money, we need supplies, we need food. Keep it coming. The best places to donate are the Sacred Stone Camp, Sacred Stone Legal Defense, Red Warrior Camp, Red Warrior Camp Legal Defense. But keep in mind that mountains of money and supplies are useless without teams of committed people doing the hard and sometimes thankless work of receiving, distributing, implementing, and maintaining things. What we really need is your labor, to transform money and supplies into something immediately useful to overworked, stressed-out people living in tipis. Instead of sending canvas, make a banner complete with grommets and ropes to tie it down. Pickle, ferment, dry, or freeze foods for winter. Come spend a week washing dishes and building winter structures. Contact
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to coordinate your ideas with current needs.
Connect to local organizing
As dramatic and inspiring as gatherings and actions like this are, there is absolutely no substitute for long-term, committed, strategic organizing. And some of the most important results of any campaign, whether electoral or direct action, are the new networks and relationships it builds. Wherever you are, chances are people are organizing supply drops and solidarity actions, mobilizing to stop other bad projects by extractive industries, and creating alternatives for a better future. Plug in. Meet new people. Find a role you can sustain long term. Yes, you’re busy—find a way to get less busy and create room for social justice work in your life.
Reflect on the deeper social issues and your own position in them
This is not just about a pipeline. People from hundreds of tribes are gathering as never before, to stand together and demand an end to centuries of theft, violence, and oppression at the hands of the U.S. government. Those of us who are settlers on this land have all been complicit in some way. We can’t fix it, but we have a responsibility to acknowledge it and work toward a different future. How do we move forward, out of denial, through guilt, beyond words, and into action? The most powerful social change happens when our external struggles against political and economic systems are in rhythmic dialogue with the ones inside our own hearts and minds. When our movements are effective, they change us personally too. Solidarity is a journey. Keep moving. And don’t do it alone.
Deepen your connections to your own culture and the Earth
The rallying cry of the movement to stop Dakota Access has been “Mni Wiconi! Water is Life!” We all know this as biological fact, but most of us have not taken it on as a spiritual responsibility. I hear many non-Native people marvel at the deep reverence for Mother Earth, sense of belonging to the land, and responsibility to protect it that characterize many Native American belief systems. But these things were also a part of our own belief systems not long ago. Many of us surrendered them in exchange for the wages of whiteness. It’s time to reclaim them now. Where do you come from? How did you get here? How did your traditions foster a personal relationship to the Earth? What responsibility do you have to steward your own land base? The fact is, as a species, we are rapidly destroying our own habitat. What will it take to reverse that? What are you willing to lose? What do you stand to gain?
I invite you to remember that this is just a moment in a struggle that has been going on for centuries—and will continue for many more. We are allies, but it’s our battle too. There are as many ways to engage as there are people who drink water. Whatever you have to offer, we need it. Wherever you’re at, take one step deeper. Find your voice. Find your own front lines.
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