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FOCUS: Lina Khan vs. the Tech Giants Print
Written by <a href="index.php?option=com_comprofiler&task=userProfile&user=52927"><span class="small">John Cassidy, The New Yorker</span></a>   
Friday, 25 June 2021 11:52

Cassidy writes: "A leading figure in the movement to rein in Silicon Valley monopolies has a powerful new post."

The Senate voted to confirm Lina Khan as a commissioner at the Federal Trade Commission. (photo: Graeme Jennings/Getty)
The Senate voted to confirm Lina Khan as a commissioner at the Federal Trade Commission. (photo: Graeme Jennings/Getty)


Lina Khan vs. the Tech Giants

By John Cassidy, The New Yorker

25 June 21


A leading figure in the movement to rein in Silicon Valley monopolies has a powerful new post.

f all the appointments that Joe Biden has made since becoming President, one of the most intriguing came last week, when he named Lina Khan, a thirty-two-year-old associate professor at Columbia Law School, as chair of the Federal Trade Commission, an agency with broad authority to police America’s biggest corporations, including its tech giants. After two decades in which both Democrats and Republicans have mostly taken a light-handed approach to regulating Silicon Valley, Khan’s appointment raises the prospect of a long-overdue drive to reinvigorate the enforcement of antitrust laws and inject more competition into a vital part of the economy that is dominated by a handful of gargantuan incumbents.

Biden elevated Khan immediately after the Senate voted to confirm her as one of the five commissioners who serve on the F.T.C. Despite her relative youth, she is a leading figure in the movement to crack down on abusive monopolies, particularly those in the tech sector, and other antitrust campaigners greeted her promotion with surprise and delight. “If you had asked me six or eight months ago if we could get someone like Lina Khan onto the F.T.C., I would have said, ‘Maybe,’ ” Matt Stoller, the author of the book “Goliath: The 100-Year War Between Monopoly Power and Democracy,” from 2019, told me. “If you had asked me if we could get someone like Lina Khan to be chair of the F.T.C., I would likely have said, ‘Are you totally crazy?’ ”

The daughter of Pakistani immigrants to the United States, Khan first came to public attention in 2017, when, as a student at Yale Law School, she published a lengthy article in the Yale Law Journal which argued that Amazon shouldn’t be excluded from antitrust scrutiny simply because it had a history of cutting prices. To the many retail businesses that have been decimated by Jeff Bezos’s juggernaut, Khan was merely stating the obvious. But her article represented a challenge to the policy orthodoxy that has dominated the world of antitrust law for decades. Originating in the Chicago School of economics and promulgated by conservative jurists such as Robert Bork, this approach emphasizes “consumer welfare,” which judges have interpreted to mean that anticompetitive practices can be justified if they lead to lower prices. Because Amazon charges lower prices than many offline retailers, and because other tech giants, such as Google and Facebook, provide online services for free, they have been largely immune from antitrust enforcement, despite their market dominance. Even as many of the tech giants’ competitors accused them of bullying tactics, such as “predatory pricing”—charging low prices for a time to drive rivals out of business—the U.S regulatory authorities and courts largely discounted these claims. (European regulators have been far tougher on Silicon Valley.)

Rather than engaging in arcane arguments about prices in particular markets, as many antitrust lawsuits have done, Khan took a historical approach. In her article, she pointed out that the creators of America’s bedrock antitrust laws—the Sherman Act of 1890 and the Clayton Act of 1914—had broader goals than reducing prices. “Congress enacted antitrust laws to rein in the power of industrial trusts, the large business organizations that had emerged in the late nineteenth century,” Khan wrote. “Responding to a fear of concentrated power, antitrust sought to distribute it.” She went on to compare Amazon to the vast railroad combines that Cornelius Vanderbilt and other robber barons put together by squeezing out smaller rivals and giving preferential deals to favored customers. The article concluded, “In order to capture these anticompetitive concerns, we should replace the consumer welfare framework with an approach oriented around preserving a competitive process and market structure.”

Khan isn’t the only scholar who has put forward this type of argument. “There is this whole group of people who think differently about antitrust policy, but Lina kind of became the avatar for this new approach,” Felicia Wong, the president and C.E.O. of the Roosevelt Institute, a progressive think tank that has published several reports on rising monopoly power, told me. In 2018, Khan went to work at the F.T.C. for Rohit Chopra, an Obama appointee who favored a more vigorous approach to antitrust enforcement. In 2019, she became a counsel to the House Judiciary antitrust subcommittee, which was investigating the activities of Amazon, Apple, Facebook, and Google.

Last October, the Democratic majority on the subcommittee, led by the Rhode Island congressman David Cicilline, issued a lengthy report that said the four online behemoths “not only wield tremendous power, but they also abuse it by charging exorbitant fees, imposing oppressive contract terms, and extracting valuable data from the people and businesses that rely on them. . . . To put it simply, companies that once were scrappy, underdog startups that challenged the status quo have become the kinds of monopolies we last saw in the era of oil barons and railroad tycoons.” As a way of restoring competition, the report called for the consideration of “structural separations and prohibitions of certain dominant platforms from operating in adjacent lines of business”—i.e., breakups.

It remains to be seen whether Khan’s appointment will lead to a serious effort to tame the Silicon Valley titans—including, perhaps, an attempt to split them up. Although the statutes grant the F.T.C. broad power to check anticompetitive behavior, the agency has often failed to fully exert its authority. If Khan is to change this, she will need an activist majority on the five-member F.T.C. With Biden in the White House, the Democrats are guaranteed to have three commissioners, but one of them, Chopra, is about to move to another job in the Administration. Some of Khan’s supporters fear that Big Tech lobbyists and pro-business Democrats will exert pressure on the White House to replace Chopra with a commissioner less committed to confronting Silicon Valley.

Another source of uncertainty is the delay in selecting someone to lead the antitrust division of the Justice Department, which historically has taken a leading role in bringing major cases to court, such as a legal battle against Microsoft in 1998. Earlier this year, there were reports that the White House was weighing a few candidates for the post, including two Washington lawyers who have already filed legal challenges to the tech giants’ power: Jonathan Sallet, who played a prominent role in a lawsuit that more than thirty states have brought against Google, and Jonathan Kanter, who has represented online firms that claim to have been victims of Google’s monopoly. In some progressive circles, there are whispers that Merrick Garland, Biden’s Attorney General, might not be fully on board with the Justice Department adopting a more aggressive stance toward Big Tech. Back in January, the Intercept reported that Garland wanted a former lawyer for Facebook to get the antitrust post.

On Capitol Hill, support is growing for imposing at least some restrictions on the tech giants. Earlier this month, House Democrats introduced five different antitrust bills. One of them, which Cicilline sponsored, would prohibit the big online platforms from favoring their own products or services over those of their competitors. Another bill, sponsored by Representative Pramila Jayapal, would go further and ban a tech giant from owning any product or service that operates on its platform. All five bills had Republican co-sponsors—a reflection of the changing political climate. During Khan’s confirmation hearings, Senator Ted Cruz said that he looked forward to working with her, and twenty-one Republican senators ended up voting to confirm her. Of course, the G.O.P.’s turn against Big Tech coincided with the antagonism between Donald Trump and Facebook and Twitter. In the final months of the Trump Administration, the Justice Department issued an antitrust suit against Google, accusing it of using bullying tactics to further entrench its search monopoly, and the F.T.C. sued Facebook for anticompetitive behavior in protecting its dominant position in social media.

In theory, there is now bipartisan support for confronting Big Tech. However, the decisive factor will be how far Biden and his top aides are willing to go down the path that Teddy Roosevelt took more than a century ago, when he used the antitrust laws to break up John D. Rockefeller’s Standard Oil and other monopolies. If the President wants to make a T.R.-size mark on history, he will need to face down Big Tech and other business interests that fear an aggressive revival of antitrust. Silicon Valley lobbyists and their political allies, of course, will argue that Apple and Amazon and Google are world leaders, and that doing anything to harm them will undermine America’s economic power. “The question for the [Big Tech] lobbying teams is—are you going to be able to stop this? Or have your opponents circumvented you?” Bill Kovacic, a former head of the F.T.C. who now teaches at George Washington University, told Recode. “This is a contest of ideas.”

To win this contest, Biden will have to make the argument that—by squashing, intimidating, and buying out their competitors—the Silicon Valley giants are now hindering innovation rather than promoting it. He will also need to make more pathbreaking appointments and lead a sustained, multi-agency effort. “To overturn the Chicago School philosophy, you need a whole-government approach,” Stoller said. It’s a big task. In appointing Khan, Biden has taken an important first step.

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RSN: Why Corporate Democrats Are Desperately Trying to Keep Nina Turner Out of Congress Print
Written by <a href="index.php?option=com_comprofiler&task=userProfile&user=48990"><span class="small">Norman Solomon, Reader Supported News</span></a>   
Friday, 25 June 2021 11:27

Solomon writes: "When Hillary Clinton endorsed Nina Turner's main opponent last week, it was much more than just an attempt to boost a corporate Democrat."

Sen. Nina Turner at a Bernie Sanders Rally. (photo: Mary Altaffer/AP)
Sen. Nina Turner at a Bernie Sanders Rally. (photo: Mary Altaffer/AP)


Why Corporate Democrats Are Desperately Trying to Keep Nina Turner Out of Congress

By Norman Solomon, Reader Supported News

25 June 21

 

hen Hillary Clinton endorsed Nina Turner’s main opponent last week, it was much more than just an attempt to boost a corporate Democrat. Clinton’s praise for candidate Shontel Brown was almost beside the point. Like other power brokers and the big-money PACs now trying to sway the special election for a vacant Congressional seat in northeast Ohio, Clinton is doing what she can to keep the deeply progressive Turner out of Congress.

Time is short. Polling shows Turner with a big lead, early voting begins in two weeks, and Election Day is August 3. What scares the political establishment is what energizes her supporters: She won’t back down when social justice is at stake.

That reality was clearly audible Tuesday night during the first debate of the campaign, sponsored by the City Club of Cleveland. “I am running to be a voice for change, to uplift the downtrodden, including the poor, the working poor and the barely middle class,” Turner began. “You send me to Congress, I’m going to make sure that we tax the wealthy, make them pay their fair share, and to center the people who need it the most in this district.”

The contrast was sharp with Brown, who chairs the Democratic Party in populous Cuyahoga County. The discussion of healthcare was typical: Brown voiced a preference for a “public option,” but Turner strongly advocated Medicare for All while calling the current healthcare situation “absurd” and “asinine.” Brown sounded content to tinker with the status quo. Turner flatly declared: “The employer-based system, the commodification of healthcare, does not work in the United States of America. Almost 100 million people are either underinsured or uninsured right now.”

After Brown emphasized that “we have to be able to compromise so we can get some things done,” Turner closed with a jab at those eager to block the momentum of her campaign for Congress: “You need to have somebody that will lead this community, who does have a vision and understands being a partner does not mean being a puppet, that working with does not mean acquiescing to…. You will always know whose side I am on.”

That’s exactly the problem for the party establishment. Its backers know full well whose side Turner is on.

And so, the attacks are escalating from Brown’s campaign. It sent out a mailer – complete with an out-of-focus photo of Turner, made to look lurid – under the headline “Nina Turner Opposed President Biden and Worked Against Democrats.” A more accurate headline would have been: “Nina Turner Supported Senator Sanders and Worked Against Neoliberal Democrats.” The Brown campaign’s first TV ad, which began airing last month, features her saying that she will “work with Joe Biden… that’s different than Nina Turner.”

A former editorial page editor of the Cleveland Plain Dealer, Brent Larkin, wrote: “Brown will be a well-financed candidate with deep-pocketed supporters who aren’t afraid to play rough. That’s because Turner can’t be beaten unless opponents plant seeds of doubt about her fitness, convincing voters her harsh criticisms of President Joe Biden would make it impossible for her to get things done for her community. The notion that Biden might punish a constituency important to him because Turner represents that constituency in Congress is far-fetched. During the 2020 campaign, Sen. Kamala Harris was bitterly critical of Biden’s civil rights record. Nevertheless, Biden chose her as his running mate, effectively rewarding her with the vice presidency.”

Brown’s backers are eager to “play rough” because corporate power is at issue. It’s not only that Turner crisscrossed the nation, speaking eloquently in support of both of Bernie Sanders’ presidential campaigns, serving as a national co-chair during the last one. Powerful backers of the Democratic Party’s top leadership – cozy and enmeshed with corporate America and the military-industrial complex – realize that “Congresswoman Nina Turner (D-Ohio)” would significantly increase the leverage of genuinely progressive members of the House. For the Clinton wing of the party, that would be a frigging nightmare.

As the marquee anti-Turner candidate, Brown is leaving the more blatant smears to outfits like the “Protecting Our Vote PAC” (which spent $41,998 in the last cycle in an unsuccessful attempt to defeat now-Congresswoman Cori Bush). The super PAC has released a scurrilous attack ad via Facebook, telling viewers to “Vote for Shontel Brown” – while claiming among other things that “Nina Turner is not a real Democrat, you can’t trust her,” and she “has no respect for anyone, not even our president,” and “Nina Turner is all about Nina, she doesn’t care about Ohio, she doesn’t care about getting things done, all she cares about is making noise.”

Though some see her only as a firebrand speaker at political rallies, I was in dozens of meetings with her last year when her patient hard work was equally inspiring as she put in long hours with humility, compassion and dedication. I saw her as the real deal when we were colleagues for several months while she worked with RootsAction.org as a strategic delegate advisor for the 2020 Democratic National Convention.

Recalling how she works behind the scenes, I can understand even more why the party establishment is so anxious to block her entry to Congress. While Turner is a seasoned legislator – she served on the Cleveland City Council and in the Ohio Senate for a total of nine years – she’s committed to the meticulous and sometimes tedious work of organizing and coalition-building that, in the long run, can make all the difference for progressive change.

The day that Clinton made her endorsement of Brown, a tweet from Turner served as an apt retort. Saying that she was “proud to be running a campaign focused on the issues that matter most to working people,” Turner added: “My district knows all too well that the politics of yesterday are incapable of delivering the change we desperately need.”

The next day, underscoring wide awareness that the corporate “politics of yesterday” must not be the politics of tomorrow, the Turner campaign announced that it raised six figures in under 24 hours; Clinton’s intervention had been a blessing. Overall, at last report, the Turner campaign has received donations from 54,000 different individuals, with contributions averaging $27.

Dollars pouring into Shontel Brown’s campaign are coming from a very different political and social universe. As the Daily Poster reported this week, “business-friendly Democrats” and Washington lobbyists for huge corporations – including “Big Oil, Big Pharma, Fox News and Wall Street” – are providing big bucks to stop Nina Turner from becoming Congresswoman Turner.

Bernie Sanders described the situation clearly in a recent mass email: “The political establishment and their super PACs are lining up behind Nina’s opponent during the critical final weeks of this primary. And you can bet they will do and spend whatever it takes to try and defeat her.”



Norman Solomon is the national director of RootsAction.org and the author of many books, including War Made Easy: How Presidents and Pundits Keep Spinning Us to Death. He was a Bernie Sanders delegate from California to the 2016 and 2020 Democratic National Conventions. Solomon is the founder and executive director of the Institute for Public Accuracy.

Reader Supported News is the Publication of Origin for this work. Permission to republish is freely granted with credit and a link back to Reader Supported News.

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The Delta Variant Presents a Grave Danger Print
Written by <a href="index.php?option=com_comprofiler&task=userProfile&user=56151"><span class="small">Dhruv Khullar, The New Yorker</span></a>   
Thursday, 24 June 2021 13:04

Khullar writes: "In the U.S., it accounts for a minority of cases - but it is rapidly outcompeting other variants, and will likely soon become our dominant lineage."

Experts believe that the Delta variant, which was first detected in India, is far more contagious than the virus that tore through the world in 2020. (photo: Raj K. Raj/Getty)
Experts believe that the Delta variant, which was first detected in India, is far more contagious than the virus that tore through the world in 2020. (photo: Raj K. Raj/Getty)


The Delta Variant Presents a Grave Danger

By Dhruv Khullar, The New Yorker

24 June 21


One half of America is protected. The other is approaching a perilous moment in the pandemic.

ineage B.1.617.2, now known as the Delta variant, was first detected in India, in December, 2020. An evolved version of SARS-CoV-2, Delta has at least a dozen mutations, including several on its spike protein that make it vastly more contagious and possibly more lethal and vaccine-resistant than other strains. In India, the Delta variant contributed to the most devastating coronavirus wave the world has seen so far; now, it has been detected in dozens of countries, including the United States. In the U.S., it accounts for a minority of cases—but it is rapidly outcompeting other variants, and will likely soon become our dominant lineage.

Much of what we know about Delta is preliminary, and based on reports from India and, more recently, the U.K., where it now accounts for more than ninety per cent of new cases. Four-fifths of British adults have received at least one shot of a COVID-19 vaccine, and more than half are fully vaccinated—but the variant has spread widely enough among those who remain vulnerable to fuel a quadrupling of cases and a doubling of hospitalizations in the past month. The vast majority of Delta-variant cases seem to have occurred in adults under fifty, whose rates of vaccination remain lower than those of older people. Last week, Prime Minister Boris Johnson announced that the U.K.’s full reopening, originally scheduled for June 21st, would be postponed.

Earlier this year, scientists estimated that lineage B.1.1.7—the Alpha variant, first isolated in England—could be some sixty per cent more transmissible than the original version of SARS-CoV-2. Now, experts believe that the Delta variant is sixty per cent more transmissible than Alpha—making it far more contagious than the virus that tore through the world in 2020. It hasn’t yet been conclusively shown that Delta is more lethal, but early evidence from the U.K. suggests that, compared to Alpha, it doubles the risk of a person’s being hospitalized. Even if the variant turns out to be no deadlier within any one person, its greater transmissibility means that it can inflict far more damage across a population, depending on how many people remain unvaccinated when it strikes.

In this regard, India’s apocalyptic surge is Exhibit A. In May, at the crest of the wave, the role of the Delta variant was still unclear. A number of factors—the return of large gatherings, a decline in mask-wearing, and a sluggish vaccination campaign—had made a disaster of some kind more or less unavoidable. But it now seems likely that the rise of Delta accelerated the crisis into a shockingly rapid and widespread viral catastrophe. In the course of weeks, millions of people were infected and tens of thousands died; the country’s medical system buckled under the weight of a mutated virus. One of the most disturbing aspects of India’s surge was that many children fell ill. And yet there is currently no data to suggest that Delta causes severe illness in a greater proportion of kids; instead, it seems likely that the sheer transmissibility of the variant simply resulted in a higher absolute number of infected children.

One vitally important finding to emerge from the U.K. and India is that the COVID vaccines are still spectacularly effective against Delta. According to one study from the U.K., a full course of the Pfizer-BioNTech vaccine is ninety-six per cent effective at preventing hospitalizations due to the Delta variant; AstraZeneca’s vaccine is in the same ballpark, reducing the chance of hospitalization by ninety-two per cent. But these findings come with caveats. The first is that, with Delta, partial immunization appears to be less effective at preventing disease: a different study found that, for people who have received only the first shot, the vaccines were just thirty-three per cent effective at preventing symptomatic illness. (A first dose still appears to offer strong protection against hospitalization or death.) The second is that even full courses of the vaccines appear somewhat less effective at preventing infection from Delta. This may be especially true of the non-mRNA vaccines. A team of scientists in Scotland has found that both doses of AstraZeneca’s vaccine reduced the chance of infection with Delta by just sixty per cent—a respectable showing, but less impressive than what the same vaccine offers against other strains of the virus. (The Pfizer-BioNTech vaccine demonstrated seventy-nine per cent efficacy against Delta infection—a significant, but smaller, decrease.)

Taken together, these findings have led some experts to propose adjustments in vaccination strategy. Muge Cevik, an infectious-diseases expert at St. Andrews University and an adviser to the British government, told me that, given the arrival of Delta, it was important to ask “what our main aim of vaccination is.” She went on, “If our primary objective is to reduce hospitalizations and deaths, a first dose still gives very good protection. If it’s to stamp out transmission, then the second dose becomes quite important. I think that, especially in hot spots, we need to expedite second shots.” Others have proposed the idea of mRNA-vaccine booster shots for Americans who have received the Johnson & Johnson vaccine, which, like AstraZeneca’s, uses non-mRNA technology. The C.D.C.’s official guidelines tell Americans that “the best COVID-19 vaccine is the first one that is available to you. Do not wait for a specific brand.” But that advice was minted when vaccine supply was constrained. The accumulated evidence has led many people to wonder whether the mRNA vaccines, from Moderna and Pfizer, are preferable to the one offered by Johnson & Johnson, and whether the Delta variant makes them even more so.

“It’s likely that J. & J. offers strong protection against severe disease, but because it’s a one-shot regimen it might not offer the same protection against infection for a highly transmissible variant like Delta,” Angela Rasmussen, a virologist at the Vaccine and Infectious Disease Organization, told me. “A second shot reëxposes the immune system to the vaccine, and allows the body to make even better antibodies.” Rasmussen received the J. & J. vaccine; she lives in Canada, where health authorities have encouraged people to mix and match the vaccines. “I’m considering topping off my immune system with a dose of Pfizer,” she said. “It’s something worth thinking about.”

To a significant degree, the emergence of a variant like Delta was predictable, and, with rapid and widespread immunization, the threat that it poses can be subdued. But its arrival is still incredibly consequential. Delta drives an even wider wedge between vaccinated and unvaccinated people. They have already been living in separate worlds, facing vastly different risks of illness and death; now, their risk levels will diverge further. People who’ve been fully vaccinated can, by and large, feel confident in the immunity that they’ve received. But those who remain susceptible should understand that, for them, this is probably the most dangerous moment of the pandemic.

“The good news is that we have vaccines that can squash the Delta variant,” Eric Topol, the director of the Scripps Research Translational Institute, told me. “The bad news is that not nearly enough people have been vaccinated. A substantial share of Americans are sitting ducks.” He went on, “We haven’t built a strong enough vaccination wall yet. We need a Delta wall”—a level of vaccination that will prevent the new variant from spreading. “There are still large unvaccinated pockets in the country where this could get ugly,” Topol added. Because about half of Americans are vaccinated, and millions more have some immunity from prior infection, the Delta variant “won’t cause monster spikes that overwhelm the health system,” Topol said. But Delta spreads so easily among the unvaccinated that some communities could experience meaningful increases in death and disease this summer and fall.

In America, the speed of vaccination is slowing. In some states, mainly in the South, only about a third of the population has been fully vaccinated. Big differences in the COVID-19 toll are already visible: cases and hospitalizations have plummeted in some places with higher vaccination rates but are holding steady or rising in others. Fortunately, nearly ninety per cent of older Americans—the group most at risk for severe COVID—have received at least one shot, and three-quarters are fully vaccinated. But, as is clear from the Indian and U.K. experiences, the Delta variant could still lead to major spikes in infection among younger, unvaccinated people.

In a recent piece, I likened a society that’s reopening while partially vaccinated to a ship approaching an iceberg. The ship is the return to normal life and the viral exposure that it brings; the iceberg is the population of unvaccinated people. Precautions such as social distancing can slow the speed of the ship, and vaccination can shrink the size of the iceberg. But, in any reopening society that’s failed to vaccinate everyone, a collision between the virus and the vulnerable is inevitable.

Because of its exceptional transmissibility, the Delta variant is almost certain to intensify the force of the collision. The U.K., by postponing a full reopening, is trying to soften the blow. But the U.S. is pressing ahead—perhaps out of hubris, or because officials hope that our vaccination campaign can outrun the spread of Delta. Last week, New York and California, among the pandemic’s hardest-hit states, did away with virtually all restrictions. Meanwhile, states with half the vaccination rates of New York or California have been open for weeks. A lot depends on where, and how fast, Delta is spreading.

Federal, state, and local officials are trying to accelerate vaccination. Governors have announced incentives such as lotteries, college scholarships, gift cards, and free beer for those who get immunized; California alone plans to spend more than a hundred million dollars on vaccine incentives. The Biden Administration has made immunizing seventy per cent of American adults by the Fourth of July a central priority, and has declared June a “national month of action.” The Administration has offered tax credits to employers that provide paid time off for people to get immunized, erected mass-vaccination sites, sent funds to community health centers, and partnered with local organizations, celebrities, and volunteers to get shots in arms. The White House recently announced that four of the nation’s largest child-care providers would offer free services to parents who want to get immunized before July 4th; Uber and Lyft have been offering free rides to vaccination sites for weeks.

And yet, the pace of vaccinations hasn’t picked back up. Topol, for his part, believes that a major impediment to wider vaccination is the fact that the F.D.A. has not yet fully approved the COVID vaccines; right now, they’ve received only an emergency-use authorization, or E.U.A. About a third of unvaccinated Americans say that F.D.A. approval would make them more likely to get immunized. Full approval could also pave a clearer path for vaccine mandates in schools, businesses, and the military. Topol argues that mandates would allow us to build a Delta wall more quickly—along with walls for Epsilon, Zeta, and the rest of the Greek alphabet. Both Pfizer and Moderna have applied for F.D.A. approval, but it’s unclear how soon they will receive it; the usual process takes six to ten months. “Hundreds of millions of people have safely taken these vaccines, but there’s still a perception among some that they’re experimental,” Topol said. “E.U.A. versus full approval may sound like semantics, but it’s actually a B.F.D.”

Globally, more people died of the coronavirus in the first half of this year than in all of last year—an astounding fact, given the emergence of the vaccines. The tragic truth is that, for much of the world, the vaccines may as well not exist. On the one hand, the U.S. is vaccinating children as young as twelve; on the other hand, health-care workers, elderly people, and cancer patients in many other countries remain defenseless. Three-quarters of COVID-vaccine shots have been administered in just ten countries, whereas the poorest nations have received less than one half of one per cent of the supply. Tedros Adhanom Ghebreyesus, the W.H.O. director-general, has called this a “scandalous inequity.”

The Biden Administration recently announced that the U.S. would donate half a billion doses to the global vaccination effort; it hopes to deliver two hundred million by the end of the year. The U.K. and other European countries have also committed hundreds of millions of doses to COVAX, the international initiative to distribute vaccines to low- and middle-income countries. These efforts are important, and they will help immensely—but not for months, and perhaps not until 2022. In the meantime, many countries will continue to grapple with the social and economic challenges created by variant-catalyzed surges and the public-health measures needed to thwart them. Even where the political will for continuing such measures exists, it’s not infinite; countries can’t remain in lockdown forever.

In a sense, Delta is the first post-vaccination variant. Pockets of the human race—perhaps five hundred million people out of 7.6 billion—are protected against it, despite its transmissibility; for them, the pandemic’s newest chapter is something of an epilogue, since the main story has, in effect, already concluded. But, for those who remain unvaccinated, by choice or by chance, Delta represents the latest installment in an ongoing series of horrors. It’s a threat more sinister than any other—one that imperils whatever precarious equilibrium has taken root. In a partially vaccinated world, Delta exposes the duality in which we now live and die.

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No More Poor People in a Rich Country Print
Written by <a href="index.php?option=com_comprofiler&task=userProfile&user=59896"><span class="small">Pedro Castillo, Jacobin</span></a>   
Thursday, 24 June 2021 13:03

Excerpt: "Pedro Castillo, the rightful president-elect of Peru, describes his journey from elementary school teacher to trade union militant to the cusp of state power."

President-elect of the Peru Libre party Pedro Castillo talks to supporters during a rally in Lima, Peru. (photo: Raul Sifuentes/Getty)
President-elect of the Peru Libre party Pedro Castillo talks to supporters during a rally in Lima, Peru. (photo: Raul Sifuentes/Getty)


No More Poor People in a Rich Country

By Pedro Castillo, Jacobin

24 June 21

 

Peru’s presidential campaign between leftist Pedro Castillo and right-wing Keiko Fujimori has been an epic struggle. When it was clear that Castillo would win with a razor-thin margin, Fujimori — like Donald Trump — cried fraud and is now trying to carry out an electoral coup. While international observers, and even the US State Department, agree that the elections were free and fair, Fujimori’s legal maneuvers have managed to delay the official declaration of the winner, sow even more division among the public, and embolden the far right.

As an elementary school teacher from an isolated rural village, Pedro Castillo, is unlike anyone who has ever governed Peru. The fifty-one-year-old Castillo gained prominence when he led a nationwide teachers’ strike in 2017. In January 2020, the leftist Peru Libre (Free Peru) party asked him to be their presidential candidate. He was one of the least known among eighteen contenders in the first round, which is why it was so shocking that he came out on top, making it into the run-off election.

I was part of an election observer delegation organized by Progressive International, and we joined with a group from Democratic Socialists of America. We had an opportunity to meet with Castillo on June 4, just two days before the election. Below are excerpts from our discussion with him.


– Medea Benjamin

was born and raised in a small town called Puña, in the northern region of Cajamarca. I became a teacher in the same rural grade school where my father first registered me; I spent twenty-four years working in the same school.

It has been a great honor for me to be a teacher, a leader in the teachers’ union, a farmer, and a rondero [member of a volunteer neighborhood patrol], where we’ve fought crime, delinquency, and many problems facing our rural communities.

Since I was young, I have always fought to get an education. My parents are illiterate. My father barely writes a line that he uses as a signature, my mother doesn’t know the letters of the alphabet. I am one of nine siblings. It was a great accomplishment for me to finish high school, which I did thanks to the help of my parents and my brothers and sisters.

I continued my education, doing what I could to earn a living. I worked in the coffee fields. I came to Lima to sell newspapers. I sold ice cream. I cleaned toilets in hotels. I saw the harsh reality for workers in the countryside and the city.

After returning home to teach, I became the principal of the school. We struggled together to help our families because in Puña, we had no help from the state. We built that little school by ourselves. We built our own road, which you can only get through during the summer, and even then, it’s not easy.

This year we are celebrating the bicentennial of Peru as a republic, yet after two hundred years, we still have a high level of illiteracy, and the homes of my parents and neighbors don’t have electricity, lights, or running water. There’s a totally abandoned health center where once in a while a nurse comes by and maybe you can find a bandage or a few pills for all the families.

As I traveled in rural areas across the country, I found conditions similar to my hometown. Further into the Amazon, conditions are even worse. People there have nothing; they are totally abandoned by the state.

That’s why there have been so many protests. There are fewer people out in the streets recently because of the pandemic, but people have been out for years demanding justice and shouting that all politicians should resign. We have a congress with almost no approval or legitimacy. Our institutions do not care about the great needs of the country. There are many open wounds in our society that go unaddressed. There are the female victims who were forcibly sterilized under the regime of Alberto Fujimori, people massacred by government militias such as the young students from the university in La Cantuta or people in Barrios Altos. There are mothers and girls who are victims of violence. Now with the pandemic, there are thousands of people who lost their jobs and are demanding work.

Peru currently has hundreds of social conflicts and when people have taken their complaints to the government, the best the government does is hold a dialogue to appease people but they don’t solve any problems. The government does not have the will or the capacity to solve the great problems the country faces.

With the pandemic, it has become clearer to people that we need structural change in the country. The problem of the pandemic in Peru isn’t just a health problem. It is a structural problem. It’s a crisis that has been building for a long time.

Peru is such a wealthy country but so much of the wealth, such as copper, gold, and silver, goes to foreigners. At the ports, you see an endless stream of trucks taking away the resources of the country and just two hundred meters away, you see a barefoot child, a child with tuberculosis, a child full of parasites. That is why we must renegotiate the contracts with big companies so that more of the profits remain in Peru and benefit the people. We must reexamine the free trade agreements we have signed with other countries so that we can promote local businesses.

That’s why we have to change the Constitution. Our present constitution was written in 1993 under the Fujimori dictatorship. It treats health care as a service, not a right. It treats education as a service, not a right. And it is designed for the benefit of businesses, not people.

When I went from town to town, I would ask: “Raise your hand if any person from this town was summoned to help draft the 1993 Constitution?” So far I have not found any. Our current constitution was not written for or by the people and it doesn’t protect us.

If you go to court to demand that the state provide poor communities with water, education, or health care, the court says that it’s unconstitutional because these are services, not rights. You go to court to demand good roads so that farmers’ products don’t rot and can get to market, the courts will say it’s unconstitutional to demand this kind of help from the state.

So we have gone to the communities and we have said that we, the Peru Libre party, propose the following: Let’s hold a referendum and ask Peruvians if they want to rewrite the Constitution. We talk to people about our alternatives. We encourage them to make a leap and participate with us in the democratic process so that we can finally change our constitution.

We encourage them to join us fighting the tremendous problem of corruption, which has become institutionalized in Peru. We can’t support a state controlled by drug cartels and organized crime.

The elites and corrupt forces have thrown everything at us, trying to create fear in the minds of people so that they would hold their noses and vote for my corrupt opponent. They called us terrorists. They said that we are going to take people’s homes away, that we are going to take away their land, their savings. Due to these accusations, the price of the dollar has risen, so has bread and even chicken. Everything has gone up in price.

And the press has either lied about us or ignored us. There have not been any reports, written or televised, that have talked honestly about our proposals.

So we have great obstacles, including in Congress. But if Congress tries to stop us from making the changes we need, we will continue to mobilize people in the streets. I come from these grassroots struggles. I still carry the marks of the pellets and bullets on my back and legs. This fight has touched me personally in many ways and that is why I am here. I’m not motivated by any other kind of interest. I’m here for the people of this country and our fight will not end until we achieve dignity for all.

As I have said throughout the campaign, “No more poor people in a rich country. I give you my word as a teacher.”

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FOCUS: Inside the Dems' Bigger Strategy to Protect Voting Rights - and Get Past the Filibuster Print
Written by <a href="index.php?option=com_comprofiler&task=userProfile&user=48830"><span class="small">Andy Kroll, Rolling Stone</span></a>   
Thursday, 24 June 2021 12:48

Kroll writes: "Democracy dies live on C-SPAN. That's how it felt on Tuesday as the public watched Minority Leader Mitch McConnell (R-Ky.) and 49 other Senate Republicans use the filibuster to block any debate on the For the People Act, an 800-page mega-bill intended to combat dark money, voter suppression, gerrymandering, and other ills plaguing American democracy."

Vice President Kamala Harris speaks to reporters as she leaves the Senate chamber following the procedural vote on the For the People Act on June 22, 2021. (photo: J. Scott Applewhite/AP)
Vice President Kamala Harris speaks to reporters as she leaves the Senate chamber following the procedural vote on the For the People Act on June 22, 2021. (photo: J. Scott Applewhite/AP)


Inside the Dems' Bigger Strategy to Protect Voting Rights - and Get Past the Filibuster

By Andy Kroll, Rolling Stone

24 June 21


Mitch McConnell and crew killed the For the People Act this week, but Dems say the game isn’t over just yet

emocracy dies live on C-SPAN.

That’s how it felt on Tuesday as the public watched Minority Leader Mitch McConnell (R-Ky.) and 49 other Senate Republicans use the filibuster to block any debate on the For the People Act, an 800-page mega-bill intended to combat dark money, voter suppression, gerrymandering, and other ills plaguing American democracy. The parliamentary maneuver by McConnell and crew denied any opportunity to offer compromises on the floor and doomed the bill to defeat even though all 50 Senate Democrats voted in favor of the motion.

But House and Senate Democrats are undeterred. They insist that Tuesday’s vote was the first step in a larger strategy. “We had to explore whether there’s any potential for bipartisan support for this kind of critical legislation,” Rep. John Sarbanes (D-Md.), who introduced the House version of the For the People Act, says. “We learned yesterday that it’s just not there. The lines have been drawn very clearly at this point.”

In interviews with Rolling Stone, lawmakers and staffers who work on voting rights and democracy reform described a multi-part, months-long game plan that will play out this summer and fall. The aim is to pass a new version of the For the People Act as well as a companion measure to be named after the late civil-rights leader and congressman John Lewis. That bill, known as H.R. 4, would restore a key pillar of the landmark 1965 Voting Rights Act to prevent future voting-rights discrimination.

“H.R. 4 builds the firehouse to put out fires in the future,” Sarbanes says. “[The For the People Act] is what we need in this moment to put out the fire that’s raging now.”

But is there a path forward for either bill with the filibuster as it now stands? And can Democrats agree on any specific reforms to the filibuster that could make democracy reform possible?

For the People Act 2.0
Minutes after Republicans filibustered the For the People Act, Sen. Amy Klobuchar (D-Minn.) announced that the Senate Rules Committee, which she chairs, would soon hold “a series of hearings on the urgent need to pass critical voting, campaign finance, and ethics reforms.” Klobuchar said the Rules Committee planned to travel to Georgia, where the state legislature passed restrictive new voting laws in March, to hear firsthand how Congress could help protect the right to vote in that state.

Lawmakers and aides say these new hearings will be used to gather evidence that will go toward writing an updated, compromise version of the For the People Act. Sen. Joe Manchin (D-W.V.) remains a pivotal vote on any future voting-rights reforms, and the three-page white paper he released last week will also help shape that compromise legislation, aides said.

In the weeks ahead, the Biden White House is also expected to take a more proactive role in pushing for new voting rights legislation. In a statement after Tuesday’s defeat, President Biden said the fight for voting rights was “far from over” and that “we are going to be ramping up our efforts to overcome again — for the people, for our very democracy.”

Biden has tasked Vice President Kamala Harris with spearheading the administration’s effort to pass new voting restrictions at a time when Republicans have passed nearly two-dozen voter-suppression bills at the state level, mostly on party-line votes. Some voting-rights activists have criticized the Biden administration and congressional Democrats for not playing a more aggressive role: “I have yet to see Democrats act like this is the No. 1 priority on their agenda, and I suspect that we will start to see that after today,” Nsé Ufot, head of the New Georgia Project Action Fund, told the New York Times.

But a senior congressional aide says the White House’s engagement will ramp up considerably in the next phase of the campaign to protect voting rights as Democrats give up on trying to win over Republicans and instead focus on writing a compromise bill that, paired with changes to the Senate’s filibuster rules (more on that later), would give the For the People Act a path to passage.

Sarbanes tells Rolling Stone the next two months will be critical in finding that path. For the bill to take effect in time for the 2022 midterm elections, it needs to get out of Congress and onto President Biden’s desk before Congress takes its summer recess. “We can’t go home in August without this,” he says. “We want [the bill’s reforms] in place for redistricting, and we want them in place for voters who show up in 2022.”

The Battle to Restore the Voting Rights Act
Eight years ago this Friday, the Supreme Court issued its 5-4 decision in Shelby County v. Holder. The ruling struck down a central provision of the Voting Rights Act of 1965, one of the civil rights movement’s landmark victories. Section 4 of that law created a program known as preclearance. Under preclearance, states with a documented history of racial discrimination at the ballot box had to get approval from the federal Justice Department’s civil rights division if they wanted to make changes to their voting laws. If the feds deemed those changes discriminatory, the Justice Department denied those proposed changes.

In his 2015 opinion, Chief Justice John Roberts deemed Section 4 unconstitutional. He argued in essence that policies that accounted for racial discrimination were just another form of discrimination themselves. He also deemed the problem of racial discrimination in voting as a thing of the past, and that evidence marshaled in Shelby was not sufficient to continue to let the Justice Department approve or deny new policies by the states.

House Democrats have a plan to restore Section 4. In the last session of Congress, they introduced H.R. 4, or the Voting Rights Advancement Act. They now intend to draft an updated version of that bill in the current session and name it after John Lewis. “Never did I think that the cause for which the Foot Soldiers marched so many years ago would become new again, but since the Supreme Court gutted the Voting Rights Act in 2013, lawmakers have ramped up their efforts to enact restrictive, anti-voter laws across the country,” Rep. Terri Sewell (D-Ala.), a leader on the effort, tells Rolling Stone. “My bill, the John Lewis Voting Rights Act, would restore, strengthen, and modernize the VRA and prevent policies that restrict access to the ballot box.” She added, “Our democracy is at stake.”

The push to restore the Voting Rights Act is playing out on several fronts. This week, the House Administration Committee will convene the last of a series of field hearings held nationwide to collect evidence of the persistence of racial voter discrimination. Such evidence, the bill’s supporters say, will come in handy if the bill ultimately passes, faces a legal challenge, and winds up in front of the Supreme Court again. “This process is for a greater goal, that H.R. 4 is litigation-proof,” says Chris Kosteva, a spokesman for Rep. Sewell. “We want to make sure this bill is iron-clad constitutionally.”

The other front is the drafting of the John Lewis bill itself. Once the House Administration Committee submits its final report with the evidence it found about continued racial voter disenfranchisement, the House Judiciary Committee will hold hearings and then begin writing the new John Lewis voting rights bill. Kosteva says it’s possible the bill will be introduced in September after the August recess.

But the fate of both this bill and the For the People Act hinges on whether Democrats can unite behind a plan to remove the parliamentary obstacle standing in their way: the filibuster.

Filibuster — or Bust
Joe Manchin and Kyrsten Sinema are the two names that sit atop nearly every list of Democratic senators who oppose changing or abolishing the filibuster. Manchin has written op-eds and granted interviews in which he said he wouldn’t gut the filibuster. Sinema published a Washington Post op-ed the night before Tuesday’s For the People Act vote making the same argument as Manchin. In their view, doing away with the filibuster wouldn’t pave the way for democracy to flourish; it would, instead, do grave damage to America’s democratic system.

But behind closed doors, House and Senate aides say, there are more Democrats who oppose changing or abolishing the filibuster, possibly as many as seven or eight members. Democrats used the filibuster hundreds of times during the Trump years, and some are hesitant to give up the tool should they need it the next time Republicans have control of Congress.

The senior congressional aide says outright abolishing the filibuster is out of the question. But there are several options for more modest reforms under discussion in Congress. The first is enacting reforms that moderate Democratic senators have supported in the past. Manchin, for instance, has supported proposed rule changes in previous Senate sessions that would have lowered the threshold to 50 votes for a motion to proceed to debate, and that would force senators to take the floor and speak in order to sustain a filibuster, which would make filibusters far more laborious for those doing the filibustering and thus in theory a less attractive option.

Another filibuster change with some support in the Democratic caucus would force the minority party to have at least 41 members physically present on the Senate floor to sustain a filibuster. And the final — and most dramatic change — would be to create a carve-out in the existing Senate rules so that issues related to voting and election could pass the Senate on a simple majority vote.

Outside pressure is mounting on Democratic senators to take up some of these reforms. A group of former congressional chiefs of staff circulated a letter calling on the Senate to change the filibuster so that bills like the For the People Act can pass. “Like any tool, the filibuster may be used to good ends,” the letter’s organizers write. “We know that repealing or reforming the filibuster rule will someday lead to policy outcomes that we deeply dislike.” They go on to write, “But we believe in a Senate where the people’s business can be done. The Senate is now faced with a choice between functioning and the filibuster.”

Groups focused on filibuster reform say they plan to ramp up their efforts in the hopes of clearing the way for democracy reform before the end of the summer. “The Republican commitment to unrepentant obstruction of even bipartisan proposals is on full display,” Tré Easton, a senior adviser with the anti-filibuster group Battle Born Collective, said in a statement. “The Democratic response cannot be unilateral disarmament.”

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